Six?Degree?of?Freedom Steerable Visible?Light?Driven Microsubmarines Using Water as a Fuel: Application for Explosives Decontamination

Micro/nanomotors are capable of a wide variety tasks related, i.e., to biomedical or environmental applications. Light-driven semiconductor-based micromotors especially appealing, as they can split surrounding water via light irradiation, and therefore, move infinitely. However, their motion is typically limited in-plane with four degrees freedom (4DoF) even pseudo-1D 2DoF. Herein, magnetically steerable tubular TiO2/Fe3O4/CdS micromotors, termed microsubmarines, 6DoF motion, based on fuel-free design where acts fuel upon visible presented, an average velocity 7.9 µm s?1. Besides, the generation radicals such splitting aids photocatalytic chemicals degradation potential use solar radiation. A light-induced self-electrophoretic mechanism responsible for self-propulsion be used predict direction structure composition. Finally, microsubmarines tested in proof-of-concept application high-energy explosive, e.g., picric acid, degradation, best performance owing versatility surface coating amorphous TiO2 layer, UV light. The results help optimize light-active micromotor national security application, hydrogen evolution, target cargo delivery.